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Art
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This article is about the general concept of art. For the categories of different artistic disciplines, see The arts.
For the arts that are visual in nature, see Visual arts.
For other uses, see Art (disambiguation).
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Clockwise from upper left: A self-portrait from Vincent van Gogh, an African Chokwe-statue, detail from the Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli and a Japanese Shisa lion.
Art is the process or product of deliberately arranging elements in a way to affect the senses or emotions. It encompasses a diverse range of human activities, creations, and modes of expression, including music, literature, film, photography, sculpture, and paintings. The meaning of art is explored in a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics.
The definition and evaluation of art has become especially problematic since the early 20th century. Richard Wollheim distinguishes three approaches: the Realist, whereby aesthetic quality is an absolute value independent of any human view; the Objectivist, whereby it is also an absolute value, but is dependent on general human experience; and the Relativist position, whereby it is not an absolute value, but depends on, and varies with, the human experience of different humans.[1] An object may be characterized by the intentions, or lack thereof, of its creator, regardless of its apparent purpose. A cup, which ostensibly can be used as a container, may be considered art if intended solely as an ornament, while a painting may be deemed craft if mass-produced.
Traditionally, the term art was used to refer to any skill or mastery. This conception changed during the Romantic period, when art came to be seen as "a special faculty of the human mind to be classified with religion and science".[2] Generally, art is made with the intention of stimulating thoughts and emotions.
The nature of art has been described by Richard Wollheim as "one of the most elusive of the traditional problems of human culture".[3] It has been defined as a vehicle for the expression or communication of emotions and ideas, a means for exploring and appreciating formal elements for their own sake, and as mimesis or representation. Leo Tolstoy identified art as a use of indirect means to communicate from one person to another.[4] Benedetto Croce and R.G. Collingwood advanced the idealist view that art expresses emotions, and that the work of art therefore essentially exists in the mind of the creator.[5][6] The theory of art as form has its roots in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, and was developed in the early twentieth century by Roger Fry and Clive Bell. Art as mimesis or representation has deep roots in the philosophy of Aristotle.[4] More recently, thinkers influenced by Martin Heidegger have interpreted art as the means by which a community develops for itself a medium for self-expression and interpretation.[7]
Mozarabic Beatus miniature; Spain, late 10th century.
Contents
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* 1 Definition of the term
* 2 History
* 3 Characteristics
* 4 Forms, genres, media, and styles
o 4.1 Skill and craft
o 4.2 Value judgment
o 4.3 Communication
* 5 Purpose of art
o 5.1 Non-motivated functions of art
o 5.2 Motivated functions of art
* 6 Controversial art
* 7 Art theories
* 8 Classification disputes
* 9 Art, class, and value
* 10 See also
* 11 Notes
* 12 Bibliography
* 13 Further reading
* 14 External links
Definition of the term
Works of art worldwide can tell stories or simply express an aesthetic truth or feeling. Panorama of Along the River During the Qingming Festival, an 18th century reproduction of the 12th century original by Zhang Zeduan
Britannica Online defines art as "the use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with others." By this definition of the word, artistic works have existed for almost as long as humankind: from early pre-historic art to contemporary art; however, some theories restrict the concept to modern Western societies.[8] Adorno said in 1970, "It is now taken for granted that nothing which concerns art can be taken for granted any more: neither art itself, nor art in relationship to the whole, nor even the right of art to exist."[9] The first and broadest sense of art is the one that has remained closest to the older Latin meaning, which roughly translates to "skill" or "craft." A few examples where this meaning proves very broad include artifact, artificial, artifice, medical arts, and military arts. However, there are many other colloquial uses of the word, all with some relation to its etymology.
20th-century Rwandan bottle. Artistic works may serve practical functions, in addition to their decorative value.
The second and more recent sense of the word art is as an abbreviation for creative art or fine art. Fine art means that a skill is being used to express the artist's creativity, or to engage the audience's aesthetic sensibilities, or to draw the audience towards consideration of the finer things. Often, if the skill is being used in a common or practical way, people will consider it a craft instead of art. Likewise, if the skill is being used in a commercial or industrial way, it will be considered Commercial art instead of fine art. On the other hand, crafts and design are sometimes considered applied art. Some art followers have argued that the difference between fine art and applied art has more to do with value judgments made about the art than any clear definitional difference.[10] However, even fine art often has goals beyond pure creativity and self-expression. The purpose of works of art may be to communicate ideas, such as in politically, spiritually, or philosophically motivated art; to create a sense of beauty (see aesthetics); to explore the nature of perception; for pleasure; or to generate strong emotions. The purpose may also be seemingly nonexistent.
Art can describe several things: a study of creative skill, a process of using the creative skill, a product of the creative skill, or the audience's experience with the creative skill. The creative arts (art as discipline) are a collection of disciplines (arts) that produce artworks (art as objects) that are compelled by a personal drive (art as activity) and echo or reflect a message, mood, or symbolism for the viewer to interpret (art as experience). Artworks can be defined by purposeful, creative interpretations of limitless concepts or ideas in order to communicate something to another person. Artworks can be explicitly made for this purpose or interpreted based on images or objects. Art is something that stimulates an individual's thoughts, emotions, beliefs, or ideas through the senses. It is also an expression of an idea and it can take many different forms and serve many different purposes. Although the application of scientific knowledge to derive a new scientific theory involves skill and results in the "creation" of something new, this represents science only and is not categorized as art.
History
Main article: History of art
Venus of Willendorf, circa 24,000–22,000 BP.
Sculptures, cave paintings, rock paintings, and petroglyphs from the Upper Paleolithic dating to roughly 40,000 years ago have been found, but the precise meaning of such art is often disputed because so little is known about the cultures that produced them. The oldest art objects in the world—a series of tiny, drilled snail shells about 75,000 years old—were discovered in a South African cave.[11]
Cave painting of a horse from the Lascaux caves, c. 16,000 BP.
Many great traditions in art have a foundation in the art of one of the great ancient civilizations: Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, India, China, Ancient Greece, Rome, as well as Inca, Maya, and Olmec. Each of these centers of early civilization developed a unique and characteristic style in their art. Because of the size and duration these civilizations, more of their art works have survived and more of their influence has been transmitted to other cultures and later times. Some also have provided the first records of how artists worked. For example, this period of Greek art saw a veneration of the human physical form and the development of equivalent skills to show musculature, poise, beauty, and anatomically correct proportions.
In Byzantine and Medieval art of the Western Middle Ages, much art focused on the expression of Biblical and not material truths, and used styles that showed the higher unseen glory of a heavenly world, such as the use of gold in the background of paintings, or glass in mosaics or windows, which also presented figures in idealized, patterned (flat) forms. Nevertheless a classical realist tradition persisted in small Byzantine works, and realism steadily grew in the art of Catholic Europe.
Renaissance art had a greatly increased emphasis on the realistic depiction of the material world, and the place of humans in it, reflected in the corporeality of the human body, and development of a systematic method of graphical perspective to depict recession in a three dimensional picture space.
The stylized signature of Sultan Mahmud II of the Ottoman Empire was written in Arabic calligraphy. It reads Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious.
In the east, Islamic art's rejection of iconography led to emphasis on geometric patterns, calligraphy, and architecture. Further east, religion dominated artistic styles and forms too. India and Tibet saw emphasis on painted sculptures and dance with religious painting borrowing many conventions from sculpture and tending to bright contrasting colors with emphasis on outlines. China saw many art forms flourish, jade carving, bronzework, pottery (including the stunning terracotta army of Emperor Qin), poetry, calligraphy, music, painting, drama, fiction, etc. Chinese styles vary greatly from era to era and are traditionally named after the ruling dynasty. So, for example, Tang Dynasty paintings are monochromatic and sparse, emphasizing idealized landscapes, but Ming Dynasty paintings are busy, colorful, and focus on telling stories via setting and composition. Japan names its styles after imperial dynasties too, and also saw much interplay between the styles of calligraphy and painting. Woodblock printing became important in Japan after the 17th century.
Painting by Song Dynasty artist Ma Lin, c. 1250. 24,8 × 25,2 cm.
The western Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century saw artistic depictions of physical and rational certainties of the clockwork universe, as well as politically revolutionary visions of a post-monarchist world, such as Blake's portrayal of Newton as a divine geometer, or David's propagandistic paintings. This led to Romantic rejections of this in favor of pictures of the emotional side and individuality of humans, exemplified in the novels of Goethe. The late 19th century then saw a host of artistic movements, such as academic art, Symbolism, impressionism and fauvism among others.
The history of twentieth century art is a narrative of endless possibilities and the search for new standards, each being torn down in succession by the next. Thus the parameters of Impressionism, Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Dadaism, Surrealism, etc. cannot be maintained very much beyond the time of their invention. Increasing global interaction during this time saw an equivalent influence of other cultures into Western art, such as Pablo Picasso being influenced by African sculpture. Japanese woodblock prints (which had themselves been influenced by Western Renaissance draftsmanship) had an immense influence on Impressionism and subsequent development. Later, African sculptures were taken up by Picasso and to some extent by Matisse. Similarly, the west has had huge impacts on Eastern art in 19th and 20th century, with originally western ideas like Communism and Post-Modernism exerting powerful influence on artistic styles.
Modernism, the idealistic search for truth, gave way in the latter half of the 20th century to a realization of its unattainability. Relativism was accepted as an unavoidable truth, which led to the period of contemporary art and postmodern criticism, where cultures of the world and of history are seen as changing forms, which can be appreciated and drawn from only with irony. Furthermore the separation of cultures is increasingly blurred and some argue it is now more appropriate to think in terms of a global culture, rather than regional cultures.
Characteristics
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Art tends to facilitate intuitive rather than rational understanding, and is usually consciously created with this intention.[citation needed] Fine art intentionally serves no other purpose.[dubious – discuss] As a result of this impetus, works of art are elusive, refractive to attempts at classification, because they can be appreciated in more than one way, and are often susceptible to many different interpretations. In the case of Géricault's Raft of the Medusa, special knowledge concerning the shipwreck that the painting depicts is not a prerequisite to appreciating it, but allows the appreciation of Géricault's political intentions in the piece. Even art that superficially depicts a mundane event or object, may invite reflection upon elevated themes.
Traditionally, the highest achievements of art demonstrate a high level of ability or fluency within a medium. This characteristic might be considered a point of contention, since many modern artists (most notably, conceptual artists) do not themselves create the works they conceive, or do not even create the work in a conventional, demonstrative sense. Art has a transformative capacity: confers particularly appealing or aesthetically satisfying structures or forms upon an original set of unrelated, passive constituents.
Forms, genres, media, and styles
Main article: The arts
Detail of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa, showing the painting technique of sfumato.
The creative arts are often divided into more specific categories that are related to their technique, or medium, such as decorative arts, plastic arts, performing arts, or literature. Unlike scientific fields, art is one of the few subjects that is academically organized according to technique [1]. An artistic medium is the substance or material the artistic work is made from, and may also refers to the technique used. For example, paint is the medium used in painting, paper is a medium used in drawing.
An art form is the specific shape, or quality an artistic expression takes. The media used often influences the form. For example, the form of a sculpture must exist in space in three-dimensions, and respond to gravity. The constraints and limitations of a particular medium are thus called its formal qualities. To give another example, the formal qualities of painting are the canvas texture, color, and brush texture. The formal qualities of video games are non-linearity, interactivity and virtual presence. The form of a particular work of art is determined by both the formal qualities of the media, and the intentions of the artist.
A genre is a set of conventions and styles within a particular media. For instance, well recognized genres in film are western, horror and romantic comedy. Genres in music include death metal and trip hop. Genres in painting include still life, and pastoral landscape. A particular work of art may bend or combine genres but each genre has a recognizable group of conventions, clichés and tropes. (One note: the word genre has a second older meaning within painting; genre painting was a phrase used in the 17th to 19th century to refer specifically to paintings of scenes of everyday life and can still be used in this way.)
The Great Wave off Kanagawa by Hokusai (Japanese, 1760–1849), colored woodcut print.
An artwork, artist's, or movement's style is the distinctive method and form that art takes. Any loose brushy, dripped or poured abstract painting is called expressionistic. Often these styles are linked with a particular historical period, set of ideas, and particular artistic movement. So Jackson Pollock is called an Abstract Expressionist.
Because a particular style may have a specific cultural meanings, it is important to be sensitive to differences in technique. Roy Lichtenstein's (1923–1997) paintings are not pointillist, despite his uses of dots, because they are not aligned with the original proponents of Pointillism. Lichtenstein used Ben-Day dots: they are evenly spaced and create flat areas of color. These types of dots, used in halftone printing, were originally used in comic strips and newspapers to reproduce color. Lichtenstein thus uses the dots as a style to question the "high" art of painting with the "low" art of comics - to comment on class distinctions in culture. Lichtenstein is thus associated with the American Pop art movement (1960s). Pointillism is a technique in late Impressionism (1880s), developed especially by the artist Georges Seurat, that employs dots that are spaced in a way to create variation in color and depth in an attempt to paint images that were closer to the way people really see color. Both artists use dots, but the particular style and technique relates to the artistic movement these artists were a part of.
These are all ways of beginning to define a work of art, to narrow it down. "Imagine you are an art critic whose mission is to compare the meanings you find in a wide range of individual artworks. How would you proceed with your task? One way to begin is to examine the materials each artist selected in making an object, image video, or event. The decision to cast a sculpture in bronze, for instance, inevitably effects its meaning; the work becomes something different than if it had been cast in gold or plastic or chocolate, even if everything else about the artwork remained the same. Next, you might examine how the materials in each artwork have become an arrangement of shapes, colors, textures, and lines. These, in turn, are organized into various patterns and compositional structures. In your interpretation, you would comment on how salient features of the form contribute to the overall meaning of the finished artwork. [But in the end] the meaning of most artworks... is not exhausted by a discussion of materials, techniques, and form. Most interpretations also include a discussion of the ideas and feelings the artwork engenders."[12]
Skill and craft
Adam. Detail from Michelangelo's fresco in the Cappella Sistina (1511)
Art can connote a sense of trained ability or mastery of a medium. Art can also simply refer to the developed and efficient use of a language to convey meaning with immediacy and or depth. Art is an act of expressing feelings, thoughts, and observations. There is an understanding that is reached with the material as a result of handling it, which facilitates one's thought processes.
A common view is that the epithet "art", particular in its elevated sense, requires a certain level of creative expertise by the artist, whether this be a demonstration of technical ability or an originality in stylistic approach such as in the plays of Shakespeare, or a combination of these two. Traditionally skill of execution was viewed as a quality inseparable from art and thus necessary for its success; for Leonardo da Vinci, art, neither more nor less than his other endeavors, was a manifestation of skill. Rembrandt's work, now praised for its ephemeral virtues, was most admired by his contemporaries for its virtuosity. At the turn of the 20th century, the adroit performances of John Singer Sargent were alternately admired and viewed with skepticism for their manual fluency, yet at nearly the same time the artist who would become the era's most recognized and peripatetic iconoclast, Pablo Picasso, was completing a traditional academic training at which he excelled.
A common contemporary criticism of some modern art occurs along the lines of objecting to the apparent lack of skill or ability required in the production of the artistic object. In conceptual art, Marcel Duchamp's "Fountain" is among the first examples of pieces wherein the artist used found objects ("ready-made") and exercised no traditionally recognised set of skills. Tracey Emin's My Bed, or Damien Hirst's The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living follow this example and also manipulate the mass media. Emin slept (and engaged in other activities) in her bed before placing the result in a gallery as work of art. Hirst came up with the conceptual design for the artwork but has left most of the eventual creation of many works to employed artisans. Hirst's celebrity is founded entirely on his ability to produce shocking concepts. The actual production in many conceptual and contemporary works of art is a matter of assembly of found objects. However there are many modernist and contemporary artists who continue to excel in the skills of drawing and painting and in creating hands on works of art.
Value judgment
Aboriginal hollow log tombs. National Gallery, Canberra, Australia.
This section may stray from the topic of the article into the topic of another article, Art_(disambiguation). Please help improve this section or discuss this issue on the talk page.
Somewhat in relation to the above, the word art is also used to apply judgments of value, as in such expressions like "that meal was a work of art" (the cook is an artist), or "the art of deception", (the highly attained level of skill of the deceiver is praised). It is this use of the word as a measure of high quality and high value that gives the term its flavor of subjectivity.
Making judgments of value requires a basis for criticism. At the simplest level, a way to determine whether the impact of the object on the senses meets the criteria to be considered art is whether it is perceived to be attractive or repulsive. Though perception is always colored by experience, and is necessarily subjective, it is commonly taken that - that what is not somehow aesthetically satisfying cannot be art. However, "good" art is not always or even regularly aesthetically appealing to a majority of viewers. In other words, an artist's prime motivation need not be the pursuit of the aesthetic. Also, art often depicts terrible images made for social, moral, or thought-provoking reasons. For example, Francisco Goya's painting depicting the Spanish shootings of 3rd of May 1808 is a graphic depiction of a firing squad executing several pleading civilians. Yet at the same time, the horrific imagery demonstrates Goya's keen artistic ability in composition and execution and produces fitting social and political outrage. Thus, the debate continues as to what mode of aesthetic satisfaction, if any, is required to define 'art'.
The assumption of new values or the rebellion against accepted notions of what is aesthetically superior need not occur concurrently with a complete abandonment of the pursuit of what is aesthetically appealing. Indeed, the reverse is often true, that the revision of what is popularly conceived of as being aesthetically appealing allows for a re-invigoration of aesthetic sensibility, and a new appreciation for the standards of art itself. Countless schools have proposed their own ways to define quality, yet they all seem to agree in at least one point: once their aesthetic choices are accepted, the value of the work of art is determined by its capacity to transcend the limits of its chosen medium to strike some universal chord by the rarity of the skill of the artist or in its accurate reflection in what is termed the zeitgeist.
Communication
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Art is often intended to appeal and connect with human emotion. It can arouse aesthetic or moral feelings, and can be understood as a way of communicating these feelings. Artists express something so that their audience is aroused to some extent, but they do not have to do so consciously. Art explores what is commonly termed as the human condition; that is, essentially what it is to be human. Effective art often brings about some new insight concerning the human condition either singly or en-mass, which is not necessarily always positive, or necessarily widens the boundaries of collective human ability. The degree of skill that the artist has, will affect their ability to trigger an emotional response and thereby provide new insights, the ability to manipulate them at will shows exemplary skill and determination.
Purpose of art
A Navajo rug made c. 1880.
Art has had a great number of different functions throughout its history, making its purpose difficult to abstract or quantify to any single concept. This does not imply that the purpose of Art is "vague", but that it has had many unique, different, reasons for being created. Some of these functions of Art are provided in the following outline. The different purposes of art may be grouped according to those that are non-motivated, and those that are motivated (Levi-Strauss).
Non-motivated functions of art
The non-motivated purposes of art are those that are integral to being human, transcend the individual, or do not fulfill a specific external purpose. Aristotle said, "Imitation, then, is one instinct of our nature." [13] In this sense, Art, as creativity, is something humans must do by their very nature (i.e., no other species creates art), and is therefore beyond utility.
1. Basic human instinct for harmony, balance, rhythm. Art at this level is not an action or an object, but an internal appreciation of balance and harmony (beauty), and therefore an aspect of being human beyond utility.
"Imitation, then, is one instinct of our nature. Next, there is the instinct for 'harmony' and rhythm, meters being manifestly sections of rhythm. Persons, therefore, starting with this natural gift developed by degrees their special aptitudes, till their rude improvisations gave birth to Poetry." -Aristotle [14]
2. Experience of the mysterious. Art provides a way to experience one's self in relation to the universe. This experience may often come unmotivated, as one appreciates art, music or poetry.
"The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science." -Albert Einstein [15]
3. Expression of the imagination. Art provide a means to express the imagination in non-grammatic ways that are not tied to the formality of spoken or written language. Unlike words, which come in sequences and each of which have a definite meaning, art provides a range of forms, symbols and ideas with meanings that are maleable.
"Jupiter's eagle [as an example of art] is not, like logical (aesthetic) attributes of an object, the concept of the sublimity and majesty of creation, but rather something else - something that gives the imagination an incentive to spread its flight over a whole host of kindred representations that provoke more thought than admits of expression in a concept determined by words. They furnish an aesthetic idea, which serves the above rational idea as a substitute for logical presentation, but with the proper function, however, of animating the mind by opening out for it a prospect into a field of kindred representations stretching beyond its ken." -Immanuel Kant[16]
4. Universal communication. Art allows the individual to express things toward the world as a whole.[according to whom?] Earth artists often create art in remote locations that will never be experienced by another person. The practice of placing a cairn, or pile of stones at the top of a mountain, is an example. (Note: This need not suggest a particular view of God, or religion.) Art created in this way is a form of communication between the individual and the world as a whole.[citation needed]
5. Ritualistic and symbolic functions. In many cultures, art is used in rituals, performances and dances as a decoration or symbol. While these often have no specific utilitarian (motivated) purpose, anthropologists know that they often serve a purpose at the level of meaning within a particular culture. This meaning is not furnished by any one individual, but is often the result of many generations of change, and of a cosmological relationship within the culture.
"Most scholars who deal with rock paintings or objects recovered from prehistoric contexts that cannot be explained in utilitarian terms and are thus categorized as decorative, ritual or symbolic, are aware of the trap posed by the term 'art'." -Silva Tomaskova[17]
Motivated functions of art
Motivated purposes of art refer to intentional, conscious actions on the part of the artists or creator. These may be to bring about political change, to comment on an aspect of society, to convey a specific emotion or mood, to address personal psychology, to illustrate another discipline, to (with commercial arts) to sell a product, or simply as a form of communication.
1. Communication. Art, at its simplest, is a form of communication. As most forms of communication have an intent or goal directed toward another individual, this is a motivated purpose. Illustrative arts, such as scientific illustration, are a form of art as communication. Maps are another example. However, the content need not be scientific. Emotions, moods and feelings are also communicated through art.
"[Art is a set of] artefacts or images with symbolic meanings as a means of communication." -Steve Mithen[18]
2. Art as entertainment. Art may seek to bring about a particular emotion or mood, for the purpose of relaxing or entertaining the viewer. This is often the function of the art industries of Motion Pictures and Video Games.
3. The Avante-Garde. Art for political change. One of the defining functions of early twentieth century art has been to use visual images to bring about political change. Art movements that had this goal—Dadaism, Surrealism, Russian Constructivism, and Abstract Expressionism, among others—are collectively referred to as the avante-garde arts.
"By contrast, the realistic attitude, inspired by positivism, from Saint Thomas Aquinas to Anatole France, clearly seems to me to be hostile to any intellectual or moral advancement. I loathe it, for it is made up of mediocrity, hate, and dull conceit. It is this attitude which today gives birth to these ridiculous books, these insulting plays. It constantly feeds on and derives strength from the newspapers and stultifies both science and art by assiduously flattering the lowest of tastes; clarity bordering on stupidity, a dog's life." -André Breton (Surrealism)[19]
4. Art for psychological and healing purposes. Art is also used by art therapists, psychotherapists and clinical psychologists as art therapy. The Diagnostic Drawing Series, for example, is used to determine the personality and emotional functioning of a patient. The end product is not the principal goal in this case, but rather a process of healing, through creative acts, is sought. The resultant piece of artwork may also offer insight into the troubles experienced by the subject and may suggest suitable approaches to be used in more conventional forms of psychiatric therapy.
5. Art for social inquiry, subversion and/or anarchy. While similar to art for political change, subversive or deconstructivist art may seek to question aspects of society without any specific political goal. In this case, the function of art may be simply to criticize some aspect of society.
Spray-paint graffiti on a wall in Rome.
Graffiti art and other types of street art are graphics and images that are spray-painted or stencilled on publicly viewable walls, buildings, buses, trains, and bridges, usually without permission. Certain art forms, such as graffiti, may also be illegal when they break laws (in this case vandalism).
6. Art for propaganda, or commercialism. Art is often utilized as a form of propaganda, and thus can be used to subtly influence popular conceptions or mood. In a similar way, art that tries to sell a product also influences mood and emotion. In both cases, the purpose of art here is to subtly manipulate the viewer into a particular emotional or psychological response toward a particular idea or object.[20]
The functions of art described above are not mutually exclusive, as many of them may overlap. For example, art for the purpose of entertainment may also seek to sell a product, i.e. the movie or video game.
Controversial art
Théodore Géricault's Raft of the Medusa, c. 1820
Further information: Art and politics
Théodore Géricault's Raft of the Medusa (c. 1820), was a social commentary on a current event, unprecedented at the time. Édouard Manet's Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe (1863), was considered scandalous not because of the nude woman, but because she is seated next to men fully dressed in the clothing of the time, rather than in robes of the antique world. John Singer Sargent's Madame Pierre Gautreau (Madam X) (1884), caused a huge uproar over the reddish pink used to color the woman's ear lobe, considered far too suggestive and supposedly ruining the high-society model's reputation.
In the twentieth century, Pablo Picasso's Guernica (1937) used arresting cubist techniques and stark monochromatic oils, to depict the harrowing consequences of a contemporary bombing of a small, ancient Basque town. Leon Golub's Interrogation III (1981), depicts a female nude, hooded detainee strapped to a chair, her legs open to reveal her sexual organs, surrounded by two tormentors dressed in everyday clothing. Andres Serrano's Piss Christ (1989) is a photograph of a crucifix, sacred to the Christian religion and representing Christ's sacrifice and final suffering, submerged in a glass of the artist's own urine. The resulting uproar led to comments in the United States Senate about public funding of the arts.
Art theories
In the nineteenth century, artists were primarily concerned with ideas of truth and beauty. The aesthetic theorist John Ruskin, who championed what he saw as the naturalism of J. M. W. Turner, saw art's role as the communication by artifice of an essential truth that could only be found in nature.[21]
The definition and evaluation of art has become especially problematic since the 20th century. Richard Wollheim distinguishes three approaches: the Realist, whereby aesthetic quality is an absolute value independent of any human view; the Objectivist, whereby it is also an absolute value, but is dependent on general human experience; and the Relativist position, whereby it is not an absolute value, but depends on, and varies with, the human experience of different humans.[22]
The arrival of Modernism in the late nineteenth century lead to a radical break in the conception of the function of art,[23] and then again in the late twentieth century with the advent of postmodernism. Clement Greenberg's 1960 article "Modernist Painting" defines modern art as "the use of characteristic methods of a discipline to criticize the discipline itself".[24] Greenberg originally applied this idea to the Abstract Expressionist movement and used it as a way to understand and justify flat (non-illusionistic) abstract painting:
Realistic, naturalistic art had dissembled the medium, using art to conceal art; modernism used art to call attention to art. The limitations that constitute the medium of
painting – the flat surface, the shape of the support, the properties of the pigment — were treated by the Old Masters as negative factors that could be acknowledged only implicitly or indirectly. Under Modernism these same limitations came to be regarded as positive factors, and were acknowledged openly.[24]
After Greenberg, several important art theorists emerged, such as Michael Fried, T. J. Clark, Rosalind Krauss, Linda Nochlin and Griselda Pollock among others. Though only originally intended as a way of understanding a specific set of artists, Greenberg's definition of modern art is important to many of the ideas of art within the various art movements of the 20th century and early 21st century.
Pop artists like Andy Warhol became both noteworthy and influential through work including and possibly critiquing popular culture, as well as the art world. Artists of the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s expanded this technique of self-criticism beyond high art to all cultural image-making, including fashion images, comics, billboards and pornography.
Classification disputes
Main article: Classificatory disputes about art
Disputes as to whether or not to classify something as a work of art are referred to as classificatory disputes about art.
Classificatory disputes in the 20th century have included cubist and impressionist paintings, Duchamp's Fountain, the movies, superlative imitations of banknotes, Conceptual art, and Video games.[25]
Philosopher David Novitz has argued that disagreement about the definition of art are rarely the heart of the problem. Rather, "the passionate concerns and interests that humans vest in their social life" are "so much a part of all classificatory disputes about art" (Novitz, 1996). According to Novitz, classificatory disputes are more often disputes about societal values and where society is trying to go than they are about theory proper. For example, when the Daily Mail criticized Hirst's and Emin's work by arguing "For 1,000 years art has been one of our great civilising forces. Today, pickled sheep and soiled beds threaten to make barbarians of us all" they are not advancing a definition or theory about art, but questioning the value of Hirst's and Emin's work.[26] In 1998, Arthur Danto, suggested a thought experiment showing that "the status of an artifact as work of art results from the ideas a culture applies to it, rather than its inherent physical or perceptible qualities. Cultural interpretation (an art theory of some kind) is therefore constitutive of an object's arthood."[27][28]
Anti-art is a label for art that intentionally challenges the established parameters and values of art;[29] it is term associated with Dadaism and attributed to Marcel Duchamp just before World War I,[29] when he was making art from found objects.[29] One of these, Fountain (1917), an ordinary urinal, has achieved considerable prominence and influence on art.[29] Anti-art is a feature of work by Situationist International,[30] the lo-fi Mail art movement, and the Young British Artists,[29] though it is a form still rejected by the Stuckists,[29] who describe themselves as anti-anti-art.[31][32]
Art, class, and value
Versailles: Louis Le Vau opened up the interior court to create the expansive entrance cour d'honneur, later copied all over Europe.
Art has been perceived by some as belonging to some social classes and often excluding others. In this context, art is seen as an upper-class activity associated with wealth, the ability to purchase art, and the leisure required to pursue or enjoy it. For example, the palaces of Versailles or the Hermitage in St. Petersburg with their vast collections of art, amassed by the fabulously wealthy royalty of Europe exemplify this view. Collecting such art is the preserve of the rich, or of governments and institutions.
Fine and expensive goods have been popular markers of status in many cultures, and they continue to be so today. There has been a cultural push in the other direction since at least 1793, when the Louvre, which had been a private palace of the Kings of France, was opened to the public as an art museum during the French Revolution. Most modern public museums and art education programs for children in schools can be traced back to this impulse to have art available to everyone. Museums in the United States tend to be gifts from the very rich to the masses (The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, for example, was created by John Taylor Johnston, a railroad executive whose personal art collection seeded the museum.) But despite all this, at least one of the important functions of art in the 21st century remains as a marker of wealth and social status.
Performance by Joseph Beuys, 1978 : Everyone an artist — On the way to the libertarian form of the social organism.
There have been attempts by artists to create art that can not be bought by the wealthy as a status object. One of the prime original motivators of much of the art of the late 1960s and 1970s was to create art that could not be bought and sold. It is "necessary to present something more than mere objects"[33] said the major post war German artist Joseph Beuys. This time period saw the rise of such things as performance art, video art, and conceptual art. The idea was that if the artwork was a performance that would leave nothing behind, or was simply an idea, it could not be bought and sold. "Democratic precepts revolving around the idea that a work of art is a commodity impelled the aesthetic innovation which germinated in the mid-1960s and was reaped throughout the 1970s. Artists broadly identified under the heading of Conceptual art... substituting performance and publishing activities for engagement with both the material and materialistic concerns of painted or sculptural form... [have] endeavored to undermine the art object qua object."[34]
In the decades since, these ideas have been somewhat lost as the art market has learned to sell limited edition DVDs of video works,[35] invitations to exclusive performance art pieces, and the objects left over from conceptual pieces. Many of these performances create works that are only understood by the elite who have been educated as to why an idea or video or piece of apparent garbage may be considered art. The marker of status becomes understanding the work instead of necessarily owning it, and the artwork remains an upper-class activity. "With the widespread use of DVD recording technology in the early 2000s, artists, and the gallery system that derives its profits from the sale of artworks, gained an important means of controlling the sale of video and computer artworks in limited editions to collectors."[36]
See also
WPVA-khamsa.png Visual arts portal
* Art movement
* List of artistic mediums
* Outline of visual arts
Notes
Wikipedia Books Book:Art
Books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.
1. ^ Wollheim 1980, op. cit. Essay VI. pp. 231-39.
2. ^ Gombrich, Ernst. (2005). "Press statement on The Story of Art". The Gombrich Archive. http://www.gombrich.co.uk/showdoc.php?id=68. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
3. ^ Richard Wollheim, Art and its objects, p.1, 2nd edn, 1980, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521297060
4. ^ a b Jerrold Levinson, The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics, Oxford university Press, 2003, p5. ISBN 0-1992-7945-4
5. ^ Jerrold Levinson, The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics, Oxford university Press, 2003, p16. ISBN 0-1992-7945-4
6. ^ R.G. Collingwood's view, expressed in The Principles of Art, is considered in Wollheim, op. cit. 1980 pp 36-43
7. ^ Martin Heidegger, "The Origin of the Work of Art", in Poetry, Language, Thought, (Harper Perenniel, 2001). See also Maurice Merleau-Ponty, "Cézanne's Doubt" in The Merleau-Ponty Aesthetics Reader, Galen Johnson and Michael Smith (eds), (Northwestern University Press, 1994) and John Russon, Bearing Witness to Epiphany, (State University of New York Press, 2009).
8. ^ Elkins, James "Art History and Images That Are Not Art", The Art Bulletin, Vol. 47, No. 4 (Dec. 1995), with previous bibliography. "Non-Western images are not well described in terms of art, and neither are medieval paintings that were made in the absence of humanist ideas of artistic value". 553
9. ^ Adorno, Theodor W., Aesthetic Theory, (1970 in German)
10. ^ David Novitz, "The Boundaries of Art", 1992
11. ^ Radford, Tim. "World's Oldest Jewellery Found in Cave". Guardian Unlimited, April 16, 2004. Retrieved on January 18, 2008.
12. ^ Robertson, Jean and Craig McDaniel: Themes of Contemporary Art, Visual Art after 1980, page 4. Oxford University Press, 2005.
13. ^ Aristotle. The Poetics, Republic
14. ^ Aristotle. The Poetics, Republic. Note: Although speaking mostly of poetry here, the Ancient greeks often speak of the arts collectively. http://www.authorama.com/the-poetics-2.html
15. ^ Einstein, Albert. The World as I See It. http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/essay.htm
16. ^ Immanuel Kant, Critique of Aesthetic Judgement (1790).
17. ^ Silvia Tomaskova, "Places of Art: Art and Archaeology in Context": (1997)
18. ^ Steve Mithen. The Prehistory of the Mind: The Cognitive Origins of Art, Religion and Science. 1999
19. ^ André Breton, Surrealist Manifesto (1924)
20. ^ Roland Barthes, Mythologies
21. ^ "go to nature in all singleness of heart, rejecting nothing and selecting nothing, and scorning nothing, believing all things are right and good, and rejoicing always in the truth." Ruskin, John. Modern Painters, Volume I, 1843. London: Smith, Elder and Co.
22. ^ Wollheim 1980, Essay VI. pp. 231-39.
23. ^ Griselda Pollock, Differencing the Canon. Routledge, London & N.Y.,1999. ISBN 0-415-06700-6
24. ^ a b Modern Art and Modernism: A Critical Anthology. ed. Francis Frascina and Charles Harrison, 1982.
25. ^ Deborah Solomon, "2003: the 3rd Annual Year in Ideas: Video Game Art", New York Times, Magazine Section, December 14, 2003
26. ^ Painter, Colin. "Contemporary Art and the Home". Berg Publishers, 2002. p. 12. ISBN 1-8597-3661-0
27. ^ Dutton, Denis Tribal Art in Encyclopedia of Aesthetics, edited by Michael Kelly (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).
28. ^ Danto, Arthur. "Artifact and Art." In Art/Artifact, edited by Susan Vogel. New York, 1988.
29. ^ a b c d e f "Glossary: Anti-art", Tate. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
30. ^ Schneider, Caroline. "Asger Jorn", Artforum, 1 September 2001. Retrieved from encyclopedia.com, 24 January 2010.
31. ^ Ferguson, Euan. "In bed with Tracey, Sarah ... and Ron", The Observer, 20 April 2003. Retrieved on 2 May 2009.
32. ^ "Stuck on the Turner Prize", artnet, 27 October 2000. Retrieved on 2 May 2009.
33. ^ Sharp, Willoughby (December 1969). "An Interview with Joseph Beuys". ArtForum 8 (4): 45.
34. ^ Rorimer, Anne: New Art in the 60s and 70s Redefining Reality, page 35. Thames and Hudson, 2001.
35. ^ Fineman, Mia (2007-03-21). "YouTube for ArtistsThe best places to find video art online.". Slate. http://www.slate.com/id/2162382/. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
36. ^ Robertson, Jean and Craig McDaniel: Themes of Contemporary Art, Visual Art after 1980, page 16. Oxford University Press, 2005.
Bibliography
* Arthur Danto, The Abuse of Beauty: Aesthetics and the Concept of Art. 2003
* Dana Arnold and Margaret Iverson (eds.) Art and Thought. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 2003.
* Michael Ann Holly and Keith Moxey (eds.) Art History and Visual Studies. Yale University Press, 2002.
* John Whitehead. Grasping for the Wind. 2001
* Noel Carroll, Theories of Art Today. 2000
* Evelyn Hatcher, ed. Art as Culture: An Introduction to the Anthropology of Art. 1999
* Catherine de Zegher (ed.). Inside the Visible. MIT Press, 1996.
* Nina, Felshin, ed. But is it Art? 1995
* Stephen Davies, Definitions of Art. 1991
* Oscar Wilde, "Intentions".
* Jean Robertson and Craig McDaniel, "Themes of Contemporary Art, Visual Art after 1980." 2005
Further reading
Search Wiktionary Look up art in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Search Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Art
* Augros, Robert M., Stanciu, George N., The New Story of Science: mind and the universe, Lake Bluff, Ill.: Regnery Gateway, c1984. ISBN 0895268337 (this book has significant material on Art and Science)
* Richard Wollheim, Art and its Objects
* Carl Jung, Man and His Symbols
* Benedetto Croce, Aesthetic as Science of Expression and General Linguistic, 1902
* Władysław Tatarkiewicz, A History of Six Ideas: an Essay in Aesthetics, translated from the Polish by Christopher Kasparek, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1980.
* Leo Tolstoy, What Is Art?, 1897
* Kleiner, Gardner, Mamiya and Tansey (2004). Art Through the Ages, Twelfth Edition (2 volumes). Wadsworth. ISBN 0-534-64095-8 (vol 1) and ISBN 0-534-64091-5 (vol 2).
* Kristine Stiles and Peter Selz, eds., Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
External links
* Art and Play from the Dictionary of the History of ideas
* In-depth directory of art
* Art and Artist Files in the Smithsonian Libraries Collection (2005) Smithsonian Digital Libraries
* Visual Arts Data Service (VADS) - online collections from UK museums, galleries, universities
* RevolutionArt - Art magazines with worldwide exhibitions, callings and competitions
* Artforum magazine - online art reviews - also previews of upcoming exhibitions
* Article on the meaning of Art in Ancient India on the website of Frontline
* "The Definition of Art" article by Thomas Adajian in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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Jumat, 04 Juni 2010
cara perakitan pc
Perakitan PC
Ini adalah cara bagaimana kita merakit sebuah Komputer, ini saya tulis beberapa bulan yang lalu, namun karena tulisan ini mungkin agak ribet & panjang, tulisan ini sudah saya perbaharui dan lebih praktis, bila teman-teman ingin MERAKIT SEBUAH KOMPUTER DENGAN LEBIH PRAKTIS, bisa mengklik di CARA & TIPS MERAKIT KOMPUTER ( yang sudah di perbaharui )
Langkah Demi Langkah Merakit Komputer
Berikut ini akan dibahas mengenai bagaimana cara merakit komputer, terutama bagi mereka yang baru belajar .. dari beberapa referensi yang saya pelajari .. maka berikut ini akan dijelaskan langkah demi langkah cara merakit komputer, mudah-mudahan bermanfaat .. Red. deden
Komponen perakit komputer tersedia di pasaran dengan beragam pilihan kualitas dan harga. Dengan merakit sendiri komputer, kita dapat menentukan jenis komponen, kemampuan serta fasilitas dari komputer sesuai kebutuhan.Tahapan dalam perakitan komputer terdiri dari:
A. Persiapan
B. Perakitan
C. Pengujian
D. Penanganan Masalah
Persiapan
Persiapan yang baik akan memudahkan dalam perakitan komputer serta menghindari permasalahan yang mungkin timbul.Hal yang terkait dalam persiapan meliputi:
1. Penentuan Konfigurasi Komputer
2. Persiapan Kompunen dan perlengkapan
3. Pengamanan
Penentuan Konfigurasi Komputer
Konfigurasi komputer berkait dengan penentuan jenis komponen dan fitur dari komputer serta bagaimana seluruh komponen dapat bekerja sebagai sebuah sistem komputer sesuai keinginan kita.Penentuan komponen dimulai dari jenis prosessor, motherboard, lalu komponen lainnya. Faktor kesesuaian atau kompatibilitas dari komponen terhadap motherboard harus diperhatikan, karena setiap jenis motherboard mendukung jenis prosessor, modul memori, port dan I/O bus yang berbeda-beda.
Persiapan Komponen dan Perlengkapan
Komponen komputer beserta perlengkapan untuk perakitan dipersiapkan untuk perakitan dipersiapkan lebih dulu untuk memudahkan perakitan. Perlengkapan yang disiapkan terdiri dari:
* Komponen komputer
* Kelengkapan komponen seperti kabel, sekerup, jumper, baut dan sebagainya
* Buku manual dan referensi dari komponen
* Alat bantu berupa obeng pipih dan philips
Software sistem operasi, device driver dan program aplikasi.
Buku manual diperlukan sebagai rujukan untuk mengatahui diagram posisi dari elemen koneksi (konektor, port dan slot) dan elemen konfigurasi (jumper dan switch) beserta cara setting jumper dan switch yang sesuai untuk komputer yang dirakit.Diskette atau CD Software diperlukan untuk menginstall Sistem Operasi, device driver dari piranti, dan program aplikasi pada komputer yang selesai dirakit.
Pengamanan
Tindakan pengamanan diperlukan untuk menghindari masalah seperti kerusakan komponen oleh muatan listrik statis, jatuh, panas berlebihan atau tumpahan cairan.Pencegahan kerusakan karena listrik statis dengan cara:
* Menggunakan gelang anti statis atau menyentuh permukaan logam pada casing sebelum memegang komponen untuk membuang muatan statis.
* Tidak menyentuh langsung komponen elektronik, konektor atau jalur rangkaian tetapi memegang pada badan logam atau plastik yang terdapat pada komponen.
BERIKUT ADALAH LANGKAH-LANGKAHNYA :
Perakitan
Tahapan proses pada perakitan komputer terdiri dari:
1. Penyiapan motherboard
2. Memasang Prosessor
3. Memasang heatsink
4. Memasang Modul Memori
5. memasang Motherboard pada Casing
6. Memasang Power Supply
7. Memasang Kabel Motherboard dan Casing
8. Memasang Drive
9. Memasang card Adapter
10. Penyelesaian Akhir
1. Penyiapan motherboard
Periksa buku manual motherboard untuk mengetahui posisi jumper untuk pengaturan CPU speed, speed multiplier dan tegangan masukan ke motherboard. Atur seting jumper sesuai petunjuk, kesalahan mengatur jumper tegangan dapat merusak prosessor.
2. Memasang Prosessor
Prosessor lebih mudah dipasang sebelum motherboard menempati casing. Cara memasang prosessor jenis socket dan slot berbeda.Jenis socket
1. Tentukan posisi pin 1 pada prosessor dan socket prosessor di motherboard, umumnya terletak di pojok yang ditandai dengan titik, segitiga atau lekukan.
2. Tegakkan posisi tuas pengunci socket untuk membuka.
3. Masukkan prosessor ke socket dengan lebih dulu menyelaraskan posisi kaki-kaki prosessor dengan lubang socket. rapatkan hingga tidak terdapat celah antara prosessor dengan socket.
4. Turunkan kembali tuas pengunci.
Jenis Slot
1. Pasang penyangga (bracket) pada dua ujung slot di motherboard sehingga posisi lubang pasak bertemu dengan lubang di motherboard
2. Masukkan pasak kemudian pengunci pasak pada lubang pasak
Selipkan card prosessor di antara kedua penahan dan tekan hingga tepat masuk ke lubang slot.
3. Memasang Heatsink
Fungsi heatsink adalah membuang panas yang dihasilkan oleh prosessor lewat konduksi panas dari prosessor ke heatsink.Untuk mengoptimalkan pemindahan panas maka heatsink harus dipasang rapat pada bagian atas prosessor dengan beberapa clip sebagai penahan sedangkan permukaan kontak pada heatsink dilapisi gen penghantar panas.Bila heatsink dilengkapi dengan fan maka konektor power pada fan dihubungkan ke konektor fan pada motherboard.
4. Memasang Modul Memori
Modul memori umumnya dipasang berurutan dari nomor socket terkecil. Urutan pemasangan dapat dilihat dari diagram motherboard.Setiap jenis modul memori yakni SIMM, DIMM dan RIMM dapat dibedakan dengan posisi lekukan pada sisi dan bawah pada modul.Cara memasang untuk tiap jenis modul memori sebagai berikut.
Jenis SIMM
1. Sesuaikan posisi lekukan pada modul dengan tonjolan pada slot.
2. Masukkan modul dengan membuat sudut miring 45 derajat terhadap slot
3. Dorong hingga modul tegak pada slot, tuas pengunci pada slot akan otomatis mengunci modul.
Jenis DIMM dan RIMM
Cara memasang modul DIMM dan RIMM sama dan hanya ada satu cara sehingga tidak akan terbalik karena ada dua lekukan sebagai panduan. Perbedaanya DIMM dan RIMM pada posisi lekukan
1. Rebahkan kait pengunci pada ujung slot
2. sesuaikan posisi lekukan pada konektor modul dengan tonjolan pada slot. lalu masukkan modul ke slot.
3. Kait pengunci secara otomatis mengunci modul pada slot bila modul sudah tepat terpasang.
5. Memasang Motherboard pada Casing
Motherboard dipasang ke casing dengan sekerup dan dudukan (standoff). Cara pemasangannya sebagai berikut:
1. Tentukan posisi lubang untuk setiap dudukan plastik dan logam. Lubang untuk dudukan logam (metal spacer) ditandai dengan cincin pada tepi lubang.
2. Pasang dudukan logam atau plastik pada tray casing sesuai dengan posisi setiap lubang dudukan yang sesuai pada motherboard.
3. Tempatkan motherboard pada tray casing sehinga kepala dudukan keluar dari lubang pada motherboard. Pasang sekerup pengunci pada setiap dudukan logam.
4. Pasang bingkai port I/O (I/O sheild) pada motherboard jika ada.
5. Pasang tray casing yang sudah terpasang motherboard pada casing dan kunci dengan sekerup.
6. Memasang Power Supply
Beberapa jenis casing sudah dilengkapi power supply. Bila power supply belum disertakan maka cara pemasangannya sebagai berikut:
1. Masukkan power supply pada rak di bagian belakang casing. Pasang ke empat buah sekerup pengunci.
2. HUbungkan konektor power dari power supply ke motherboard. Konektor power jenis ATX hanya memiliki satu cara pemasangan sehingga tidak akan terbalik. Untuk jenis non ATX dengan dua konektor yang terpisah maka kabel-kabel ground warna hitam harus ditempatkan bersisian dan dipasang pada bagian tengah dari konektor power motherboard. Hubungkan kabel daya untuk fan, jika memakai fan untuk pendingin CPU.
7. Memasang Kabel Motherboard dan Casing
Setelah motherboard terpasang di casing langkah selanjutnya adalah memasang kabel I/O pada motherboard dan panel dengan casing.
1. Pasang kabel data untuk floppy drive pada konektor pengontrol floppy di motherboard
2. Pasang kabel IDE untuk pada konektor IDE primary dan secondary pada motherboard.
3. Untuk motherboard non ATX. Pasang kabel port serial dan pararel pada konektor di motherboard. Perhatikan posisi pin 1 untuk memasang.
4. Pada bagian belakang casing terdapat lubang untuk memasang port tambahan jenis non slot. Buka sekerup pengunci pelat tertutup lubang port lalumasukkan port konektor yang ingin dipasang dan pasang sekerup kembali.
5. Bila port mouse belum tersedia di belakang casing maka card konektor mouse harus dipasang lalu dihubungkan dengan konektor mouse pada motherboard.
6. Hubungan kabel konektor dari switch di panel depan casing, LED, speaker internal dan port yang terpasang di depan casing bila ada ke motherboard. Periksa diagram motherboard untuk mencari lokasi konektor yang tepat.
8. Memasang Drive
Prosedur memasang drive hardisk, floppy, CD ROM, CD-RW atau DVD adalah sama sebagai berikut:
1. Copot pelet penutup bay drive (ruang untuk drive pada casing)
2. Masukkan drive dari depan bay dengan terlebih dahulu mengatur seting jumper (sebagai master atau slave) pada drive.
3. Sesuaikan posisi lubang sekerup di drive dan casing lalu pasang sekerup penahan drive.
4. Hubungkan konektor kabel IDE ke drive dan konektor di motherboard (konektor primary dipakai lebih dulu)
5. Ulangi langkah 1 samapai 4 untuk setiap pemasangan drive.
6. Bila kabel IDE terhubung ke du drive pastikan perbedaan seting jumper keduanya yakni drive pertama diset sebagai master dan lainnya sebagai slave.
7. Konektor IDE secondary pada motherboard dapat dipakai untuk menghubungkan dua drive tambahan.
8. Floppy drive dihubungkan ke konektor khusus floppy di motherboard
Sambungkan kabel power dari catu daya ke masing-masing drive.
9. Memasang Card Adapter
Card adapter yang umum dipasang adalah video card, sound, network, modem dan SCSI adapter. Video card umumnya harus dipasang dan diinstall sebelum card adapter lainnya. Cara memasang adapter:
1. Pegang card adapter pada tepi, hindari menyentuh komponen atau rangkaian elektronik. Tekan card hingga konektor tepat masuk pada slot ekspansi di motherboard
2. Pasang sekerup penahan card ke casing
3. Hubungkan kembali kabel internal pada card, bila ada.
10. Penyelessaian Akhir
1. Pasang penutup casing dengan menggeser
2. sambungkan kabel dari catu daya ke soket dinding.
3. Pasang konektor monitor ke port video card.
4. Pasang konektor kabel telepon ke port modem bila ada.
5. Hubungkan konektor kabel keyboard dan konektor mouse ke port mouse atau poert serial (tergantung jenis mouse).
6. Hubungkan piranti eksternal lainnya seperti speaker, joystick, dan microphone bila ada ke port yang sesuai. Periksa manual dari card adapter untuk memastikan lokasi port.
Pengujian
Komputer yang baru selesai dirakit dapat diuji dengan menjalankan program setup BIOS. Cara melakukan pengujian dengan program BIOS sebagai berikut:
1. Hidupkan monitor lalu unit sistem. Perhatikan tampilan monitor dan suara dari speaker.
2. Program FOST dari BIOS secara otomatis akan mendeteksi hardware yang terpasang dikomputer. Bila terdapat kesalahan maka tampilan monitor kosong dan speaker mengeluarkan bunyi beep secara teratur sebagai kode indikasi kesalahan. Periksa referensi kode BIOS untuk mengetahui indikasi kesalahan yang dimaksud oleh kode beep.
3. Jika tidak terjadi kesalahan maka monitor menampilkan proses eksekusi dari program POST. ekan tombol interupsi BIOS sesuai petunjuk di layar untuk masuk ke program setup BIOS.
4. Periksa semua hasil deteksi hardware oleh program setup BIOS. Beberapa seting mungkin harus dirubah nilainya terutama kapasitas hardisk dan boot sequence.
5. Simpan perubahan seting dan keluar dari setup BIOS.
Setelah keluar dari setup BIOS, komputer akan meload Sistem OPerasi dengan urutan pencarian sesuai seting boot sequence pada BIOS. Masukkan diskette atau CD Bootable yang berisi sistem operasi pada drive pencarian.
Penanganan Masalah
Permasalahan yang umum terjadi dalam perakitan komputer dan penanganannya antara lain:
1. Komputer atau monitor tidak menyala, kemungkinan disebabkan oleh switch atau kabel daya belum terhubung.
2. Card adapter yang tidak terdeteksi disebabkan oleh pemasangan card belum pas ke slot/
LED dari hardisk, floppy atau CD menyala terus disebabkan kesalahan pemasangan kabel konektor atau ada pin yang belum pas terhubung. Selamat Mencoba dan Semoga Bermanfaat.
PanduAndt InstaLasi PC
1.Booting dengan menggunakan LiveCD PC Linux OS 2007, tunggu hingga masuk ke dalam desktop,kemudian login lah dengan menggunakan account Root. Click shortcut pada desktop “install PC Linux”, jika anda tidak login sebagai Root, maka akan muncul kotak dialog yang meminta password Root untuk melanjukan proses installasi.
snapshot01-copy.gif
2.Isikan password Root, stardartnya adalah”root”, klik next untuk melanjutkan.
snapshot02_1-copy.gif
3.Langkah selanjutnya adalah memilih media sebagai tempat installasi PcLinux, jika kita akan menginstall di harddisk ide/sata pilih yang pertama, jika ingin menginstall di usb drive pilih yang kedua.
snapshot03_1-copy.gif
4.Akan muncul kotak dialog untuk menentukan partisi, ada 3 pilihan. Pilihan yang pertama kita memilih untuk menggunakan partisi yang sudah ada, pilihan yang kedua hapus partisi dan menggunakannya, pilihan yang ketiga kita dapat menentukan sendiri partisinya Pilih yang terakhir.
snapshot04_1-copy.gif
5.Pilihan yang terakhir akan menuntun kita membagi partisi secara manual sesuai dengan keinginan kita.
snapshot05_1-copy.gif
6.Langkah selanjutnya adalah kita membuat partisi untuk Linux Swap, besarnya 2x dari RAM yang terpasang, semisal RAM pada PC kita adalah 256Mb, maka ukuran swap adalah 512Mb. Perlu diingat, jika ukuran RAM lebih dari 512Mb, ukuran swap cukup dengan 512Mb. Biar ga habis space harddisk anda!!hehehe…:)
snapshot07_1-copy.gif
snapshot08_1-copy.gif
7.Setelah membuat partisi untuk swap, lalu kita akan membuat partisi sebagai mount point /home.
http://gandhiprima.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/snapshot10_1-copy.gif?w=497
8.Nah, untuk partisi yang terakhir, kita gunakan sebagai mount point / (baca:root). Setelah selesai, klik Done.
snapshot11_1-copy.gif
snapshot12_1-copy.gif
9.Semua partisi yang sudah kita buat tadi akan di format, jadi pastikan anda sudah mantap dengan partisi yang anda buat tadi.
snapshot13_1-copy.gif
10.Tunggu proses format partisi….sabar dunx bro!!slow down baby…—>kaya lagu aja! :)
snapshot14_1-copy.gif
11.Setelah proses format tadi selesai, akan muncul jendela, apakah kita akan melakukan proses installasi, jika Ya klik Next, jika kita akan membatalkan, pilih Cancel.
snapshot15_1-copy.gif
12.Yaph, tunggu hingga proses installasinya selesai.
13.Sudah selesai, trus apa lagi?.
14.Langkah selanjutnya adalah menginstall Bootloader, bootloader yang digunakan PC Linux OS 2007 adalah Grub.
snapshot16_1-copy.gif
15.Klik Finish.
16.Eits, jangan kemana-mana dulu!, jangan lupa isikan password untuk account root.inget-inget tuh passwordnya! Hehe :)
snapshot18_1-copy.gif
17. Kemudian buat User
snapshot19_1-copy.gif
18. Selesai dech….. :) gampang kan?, restart PC anda.
snapshot01-copy.gif
2.Isikan password Root, stardartnya adalah”root”, klik next untuk melanjutkan.
snapshot02_1-copy.gif
3.Langkah selanjutnya adalah memilih media sebagai tempat installasi PcLinux, jika kita akan menginstall di harddisk ide/sata pilih yang pertama, jika ingin menginstall di usb drive pilih yang kedua.
snapshot03_1-copy.gif
4.Akan muncul kotak dialog untuk menentukan partisi, ada 3 pilihan. Pilihan yang pertama kita memilih untuk menggunakan partisi yang sudah ada, pilihan yang kedua hapus partisi dan menggunakannya, pilihan yang ketiga kita dapat menentukan sendiri partisinya Pilih yang terakhir.
snapshot04_1-copy.gif
5.Pilihan yang terakhir akan menuntun kita membagi partisi secara manual sesuai dengan keinginan kita.
snapshot05_1-copy.gif
6.Langkah selanjutnya adalah kita membuat partisi untuk Linux Swap, besarnya 2x dari RAM yang terpasang, semisal RAM pada PC kita adalah 256Mb, maka ukuran swap adalah 512Mb. Perlu diingat, jika ukuran RAM lebih dari 512Mb, ukuran swap cukup dengan 512Mb. Biar ga habis space harddisk anda!!hehehe…:)
snapshot07_1-copy.gif
snapshot08_1-copy.gif
7.Setelah membuat partisi untuk swap, lalu kita akan membuat partisi sebagai mount point /home.
http://gandhiprima.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/snapshot10_1-copy.gif?w=497
8.Nah, untuk partisi yang terakhir, kita gunakan sebagai mount point / (baca:root). Setelah selesai, klik Done.
snapshot11_1-copy.gif
snapshot12_1-copy.gif
9.Semua partisi yang sudah kita buat tadi akan di format, jadi pastikan anda sudah mantap dengan partisi yang anda buat tadi.
snapshot13_1-copy.gif
10.Tunggu proses format partisi….sabar dunx bro!!slow down baby…—>kaya lagu aja! :)
snapshot14_1-copy.gif
11.Setelah proses format tadi selesai, akan muncul jendela, apakah kita akan melakukan proses installasi, jika Ya klik Next, jika kita akan membatalkan, pilih Cancel.
snapshot15_1-copy.gif
12.Yaph, tunggu hingga proses installasinya selesai.
13.Sudah selesai, trus apa lagi?.
14.Langkah selanjutnya adalah menginstall Bootloader, bootloader yang digunakan PC Linux OS 2007 adalah Grub.
snapshot16_1-copy.gif
15.Klik Finish.
16.Eits, jangan kemana-mana dulu!, jangan lupa isikan password untuk account root.inget-inget tuh passwordnya! Hehe :)
snapshot18_1-copy.gif
17. Kemudian buat User
snapshot19_1-copy.gif
18. Selesai dech….. :) gampang kan?, restart PC anda.
hardware
1. Hardware : Yaitu Perangkat Keras computer terdiri dari perangkat Unit CPU, Perangkat Input dan Perangkat Output.
Hardware
Hardware atau perangkat keras computer merupakan sebutan fisik dari computer yang didalamnya tersusun dari berbagai peralatan elektrik yang rumit. Hardware dibuat dengan tujuan tertentu dan untuk mengerjakan pekerjaan tertentu sehingga masing-masing hardware memiliki fungsi yang berbeda namun dalam satu system yang saling berkaitan dan saling bekerja sama.
Hardware terdiri dari :
a. Unit CPU : merupakan semua perangkat keras yang terkait dengan system utama CPU didalam sebuah Case PC.
b. Perangkat Input : merupakan perangkat yang memiliki fungsi sebagai input atau masukan intruksi ke dalam Unit CPU, sehingga dengan peralatan ini kita dapat melakukan berbagai perintah ke dalam computer untuk diproses dan diterima hasilnya.
c. Perangkat Output : merupakan perangkat yang memiliki fungsi sebagai output atau keluaran dari hasil pemrosesan input.
Hardware
Hardware atau perangkat keras computer merupakan sebutan fisik dari computer yang didalamnya tersusun dari berbagai peralatan elektrik yang rumit. Hardware dibuat dengan tujuan tertentu dan untuk mengerjakan pekerjaan tertentu sehingga masing-masing hardware memiliki fungsi yang berbeda namun dalam satu system yang saling berkaitan dan saling bekerja sama.
Hardware terdiri dari :
a. Unit CPU : merupakan semua perangkat keras yang terkait dengan system utama CPU didalam sebuah Case PC.
b. Perangkat Input : merupakan perangkat yang memiliki fungsi sebagai input atau masukan intruksi ke dalam Unit CPU, sehingga dengan peralatan ini kita dapat melakukan berbagai perintah ke dalam computer untuk diproses dan diterima hasilnya.
c. Perangkat Output : merupakan perangkat yang memiliki fungsi sebagai output atau keluaran dari hasil pemrosesan input.
macam2 sistem operasi
Sistem Operasi untuk komputer:
1. UNIX
Termasuk sistem operasi yang paling awal ada untuk komputer. Merupakan induk dari sistem operasi linux.
2. DOS
Sistem operasi yang merupakan cikal bakal dari Microsoft Windows. Ciri khasnya yaitu berupa teks putih dengan latar belakang hitam. Kalau mau mencobanya bisa lewat Start Windows - Run, lalu ketik cmd.
3. Novell Operating Sistem
Dibuat oleh Novell Corporation. Sistem operasi yang dulu pernaha digunakan oleh Fakultas MIPA UGM untuk Entry Key-In KRS mahasiswa.
4. Microsoft Windows
Merupakan sistem operasi yang paling populer. Hampir semua orang pernah memakainya. Beberapa versi Microsoft Windows yang terkenal: Microsoft Windows 98, 2000, Me, XP, Vista, dan yang paling terbaru Windows 7.
5. Apple Machintos
System operasi yang unggul dalam hal grafik. Memerlukan hardware khusus sehingga tidak dapat di-install di computer biasa. Versinya antara lain Mac OS X (Tiger), Leopard.
6. Linux
Pertama kali dikembangkan oleh Linus Torvald. Merupakan sistem operasi open source artinya bisa dikembangkan oleh semua orang dengan bebas. Turunan linux atau yang dikenal dengan distro linux banyak sekali macamnya. Mungkin linux merupakan sistem operasi yang paling banyak. Beberapa di antaranya yaitu: Debian, Suse, Red Hat (Fedora), Slackware, Ubuntu, Backtrack, dan lain-lain
7. Solaris
Dikembangkan oleh Sun Microsystem. Lebih banyak digunakan untuk perusahaan.
8. Free BSD
Dibuat oleh Universitas Berkeley. Hampir sama seperti linux.
1. UNIX
Termasuk sistem operasi yang paling awal ada untuk komputer. Merupakan induk dari sistem operasi linux.
2. DOS
Sistem operasi yang merupakan cikal bakal dari Microsoft Windows. Ciri khasnya yaitu berupa teks putih dengan latar belakang hitam. Kalau mau mencobanya bisa lewat Start Windows - Run, lalu ketik cmd.
3. Novell Operating Sistem
Dibuat oleh Novell Corporation. Sistem operasi yang dulu pernaha digunakan oleh Fakultas MIPA UGM untuk Entry Key-In KRS mahasiswa.
4. Microsoft Windows
Merupakan sistem operasi yang paling populer. Hampir semua orang pernah memakainya. Beberapa versi Microsoft Windows yang terkenal: Microsoft Windows 98, 2000, Me, XP, Vista, dan yang paling terbaru Windows 7.
5. Apple Machintos
System operasi yang unggul dalam hal grafik. Memerlukan hardware khusus sehingga tidak dapat di-install di computer biasa. Versinya antara lain Mac OS X (Tiger), Leopard.
6. Linux
Pertama kali dikembangkan oleh Linus Torvald. Merupakan sistem operasi open source artinya bisa dikembangkan oleh semua orang dengan bebas. Turunan linux atau yang dikenal dengan distro linux banyak sekali macamnya. Mungkin linux merupakan sistem operasi yang paling banyak. Beberapa di antaranya yaitu: Debian, Suse, Red Hat (Fedora), Slackware, Ubuntu, Backtrack, dan lain-lain
7. Solaris
Dikembangkan oleh Sun Microsystem. Lebih banyak digunakan untuk perusahaan.
8. Free BSD
Dibuat oleh Universitas Berkeley. Hampir sama seperti linux.
'Harry Potter And The Deathly Hallows' Sneak Peek To Debut At MTV Movie Awards
'Harry Potter And The Deathly Hallows' Sneak Peek To Debut At MTV Movie Awards
The MTV Movie Awards have a long-established history of bringing you sneak peeks of highly anticipated upcoming flicks, and this Sunday's show is no exception. The star-packed show hosted by comedian Aziz Ansari will feature an exclusive, never-before-seen clip from "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1," the first half of the epic two-part finale in the "Potter" film series, which will hit theaters November 19.
Also at the show, which will air live on Sunday at 9 p.m. ET/PT from the Gibson Amphitheatre in Universal City, California, will be Snoop Dogg, who will drop his verse on Katy Perry's first live performance of her summer anthem "California Gurls."
And that's not all. Joining the roster of presenters handing out the Golden Popcorn awards are Scarlett Johansson, Will Ferrell, Mark Wahlberg, Betty White, T.I., Jessica Alba, Michael Cera, Eva Mendes and Kieran Culkin.
She joins a performance roster that already includes Christina Aguilera, as well as appearances by stars including: Robert Pattinson, Kristen Stewart, Taylor Lautner, the cast of "The Grown Ups" (including Adam Sandler, Kevin James, Chris Rock, David Spade and Rob Schneider), Paul Rudd, Jason Segel, Anna Kendrick, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Aubrey Plaza, Tom Cruise, Cameron Diaz, Zac Efron, Jonah Hill, Jessica Biel, Bradley Cooper, Steve Carell, Miranda Cosgrove, Shaun White, Vanessa Hudgens, Sean "Diddy" Combs and Russell Brand.
The show will also unveil an exclusive scene from the upcoming "The Twilight Saga: Eclipse," while wolf pack member Chaske Spencer will serve as the official MTV International 2010 MTV Movie Awards guest red-carpet correspondent. He'll help host a special edition of "MTV at the Movies," which will bring audiences outside the United States closer to the biggest names in the industry and the most talked-about moments as part of MTV's global coverage of the 2010 MTV Movie Awards.
The MTV Movie Awards have a long-established history of bringing you sneak peeks of highly anticipated upcoming flicks, and this Sunday's show is no exception. The star-packed show hosted by comedian Aziz Ansari will feature an exclusive, never-before-seen clip from "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1," the first half of the epic two-part finale in the "Potter" film series, which will hit theaters November 19.
Also at the show, which will air live on Sunday at 9 p.m. ET/PT from the Gibson Amphitheatre in Universal City, California, will be Snoop Dogg, who will drop his verse on Katy Perry's first live performance of her summer anthem "California Gurls."
And that's not all. Joining the roster of presenters handing out the Golden Popcorn awards are Scarlett Johansson, Will Ferrell, Mark Wahlberg, Betty White, T.I., Jessica Alba, Michael Cera, Eva Mendes and Kieran Culkin.
She joins a performance roster that already includes Christina Aguilera, as well as appearances by stars including: Robert Pattinson, Kristen Stewart, Taylor Lautner, the cast of "The Grown Ups" (including Adam Sandler, Kevin James, Chris Rock, David Spade and Rob Schneider), Paul Rudd, Jason Segel, Anna Kendrick, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Aubrey Plaza, Tom Cruise, Cameron Diaz, Zac Efron, Jonah Hill, Jessica Biel, Bradley Cooper, Steve Carell, Miranda Cosgrove, Shaun White, Vanessa Hudgens, Sean "Diddy" Combs and Russell Brand.
The show will also unveil an exclusive scene from the upcoming "The Twilight Saga: Eclipse," while wolf pack member Chaske Spencer will serve as the official MTV International 2010 MTV Movie Awards guest red-carpet correspondent. He'll help host a special edition of "MTV at the Movies," which will bring audiences outside the United States closer to the biggest names in the industry and the most talked-about moments as part of MTV's global coverage of the 2010 MTV Movie Awards.
Eclipse Soundtrack song by song review
A a very lucky few Twilight fan sites were given the opportunity to review the Eclipse Soundtrack before it’s released next week. Below is a song-by-song review of the ENTIRE soundtrack, including what scenes the Twilight fans predict they will be in.
HERE WE GO!!! ( Also: there are some certain SPOILERS in there…)
1. Metric “Eclipse (All Yours)” – Very Catchy and lyrics that really mesh well with the presence of the movie. We believe this might be Bella’s theme for the movie. Placement might be found towards the end of the movie after all the fight scenes, etc.
2. Muse “Neutron Star Collision ( Love is Forever)” – Heidi & Lauren have been a HUGE Muse fans before the Twilight Saga threw them into ultra popularity domestically here in the US. So naturally, we were excited to see what they would bring the fans for this 3rd movie in the series. The sound is very reminiscent of their latest album, futuristic sounds with an 80’s pop feel to it with some Beethoven thrown in at the end. We can’t really see the song fitting in any particular scene, so it will probably be in the ending credits.
3. The Bravery “Ours” -This is a song that we can see fans rocking out to whether it be in their living room, seeing the band in concert or at a Twilight Convention. It’s tune is very energetic and could possibly be in the graduation scene or the graduation party at the Cullens.
4. Florence + The Machine “Heavy in your Arms”: LOVE LOVE LOVE! This song had us captivated from the very beginning and meshes well with the entire theme of ‘Eclipse’.Very edgy and has the undertones of Queen meets Evanescence meets Gospel-esque dramatic vocals. This song wins the award for “Most Likely to be on Repeat”.
5. Sia “My Love” – Initial reaction was that the beginning of the song sounded like background music that seamlessly moves with the movie. Fans might have seen it in a previous trailer or TV Spot. Could be featured in a meadow scene or after the proposal. Very instrumental and we feel it’s the Lykke Li “Possibility” of this Soundtrack.
6. Fan Farlo “Atlas” – Heavy drum beats meets ukulele. Not much to really describe about this song other than it was a catchy tune. We don’t have a particular scene that this would fit in.
7. The Black Keys “Chop and Change” – Our immediate thought was that this was what Muse’s song SHOULD have sounded like. Edgy beat that had a lead singer with a Bob Dylan like voice. Very short song compared to others.
8. The Dead Weather “Rolling in on a Burning Tire” – Definitely the theme song for the Newborns coming out of the water or Major Fight scene. Jack White reveals his geniusousness ( definitely NOT a word but just go with it) once again and Alison’s voice is very haunting yet appealing. Infectious beats with some of the oddest background sounds.
9. Beck and Bat for Lashes ” Let’s Get Lost”- Sounds like a remix of an early 90’s club beat song. Very catchy and reminds us of Thom Yorke with it’s roughness and eclectic beats. This is definitely an Edward and Bella song and we predict that it will be in the “Leg Hitch” scene.
10. Vampire Weekend “Jonathon Low”- Fans of Vampire Weekend will not be disappointed with the band’s contribution to this Soundtrack. They stay very true to their original sound but with softer lyrics. It has an upbeat feel with a Rock/Opera meets Italian “Night out on the town”.
11. Unkle “With You in My Head (featuring The Black Angels)” – Not a huge fan of this song. It reminds us of a 60’s Hawaii- 5-0 song with a slight Radiohead undertone.
12. Eastern Conference Champions ” A Million Miles an Hour” – Very reminiscent of Stone Temple Pilots. It’s catchy but only for transitional purposes somewhere in this movie. Again, not a huge favorite.
13. Band of Horses ” Life on Earth”- Overall it was a great song. Not a lot a lyrics, more of an instrumental sort of song. Nevertheless, we would have liked to have seen it more upbeat towards the end. Possible scene: When Jacob breaks all the bones in his body or just a Jacob song in general.
14. Cee Lo Green “What Part of Forever” – We love this song just as much as Florence + The Machine. It was refreshing to hear this song after a few low key SLOW songs. It’s a uniquely catchy and addictive song that fans will really appreciate and rock out to. It wins our award for “Most Surprising Song on the Soundtrack”.
15. Howard Shore “Jacob’s Theme”- This song’s basis is quite sad and heartbreaking, which could easily go along with Jacob’s feelings at seeing Edward and Bella together, etc. However, the song doesn’t stick out like Alexandre Desplat’s “The Meadow” from the ‘New Moon’ Soundtrack.
Overall it was a pretty good soundtrack, with some key artists and their respective songs that will make it memorable in most ways. However, it could have used more songs that sticks to the theme of “action-packed, mysterious and keeping the fans on their toes” that is ‘Eclipse’. We give it a solid B+ as an overall grading.
Make sure to leave your reviews of the ‘Eclipse’ Soundtrack HERE when it finally releases on June 8th!
- Lauren and Heidi from Twilight Facebook
HERE WE GO!!! ( Also: there are some certain SPOILERS in there…)
1. Metric “Eclipse (All Yours)” – Very Catchy and lyrics that really mesh well with the presence of the movie. We believe this might be Bella’s theme for the movie. Placement might be found towards the end of the movie after all the fight scenes, etc.
2. Muse “Neutron Star Collision ( Love is Forever)” – Heidi & Lauren have been a HUGE Muse fans before the Twilight Saga threw them into ultra popularity domestically here in the US. So naturally, we were excited to see what they would bring the fans for this 3rd movie in the series. The sound is very reminiscent of their latest album, futuristic sounds with an 80’s pop feel to it with some Beethoven thrown in at the end. We can’t really see the song fitting in any particular scene, so it will probably be in the ending credits.
3. The Bravery “Ours” -This is a song that we can see fans rocking out to whether it be in their living room, seeing the band in concert or at a Twilight Convention. It’s tune is very energetic and could possibly be in the graduation scene or the graduation party at the Cullens.
4. Florence + The Machine “Heavy in your Arms”: LOVE LOVE LOVE! This song had us captivated from the very beginning and meshes well with the entire theme of ‘Eclipse’.Very edgy and has the undertones of Queen meets Evanescence meets Gospel-esque dramatic vocals. This song wins the award for “Most Likely to be on Repeat”.
5. Sia “My Love” – Initial reaction was that the beginning of the song sounded like background music that seamlessly moves with the movie. Fans might have seen it in a previous trailer or TV Spot. Could be featured in a meadow scene or after the proposal. Very instrumental and we feel it’s the Lykke Li “Possibility” of this Soundtrack.
6. Fan Farlo “Atlas” – Heavy drum beats meets ukulele. Not much to really describe about this song other than it was a catchy tune. We don’t have a particular scene that this would fit in.
7. The Black Keys “Chop and Change” – Our immediate thought was that this was what Muse’s song SHOULD have sounded like. Edgy beat that had a lead singer with a Bob Dylan like voice. Very short song compared to others.
8. The Dead Weather “Rolling in on a Burning Tire” – Definitely the theme song for the Newborns coming out of the water or Major Fight scene. Jack White reveals his geniusousness ( definitely NOT a word but just go with it) once again and Alison’s voice is very haunting yet appealing. Infectious beats with some of the oddest background sounds.
9. Beck and Bat for Lashes ” Let’s Get Lost”- Sounds like a remix of an early 90’s club beat song. Very catchy and reminds us of Thom Yorke with it’s roughness and eclectic beats. This is definitely an Edward and Bella song and we predict that it will be in the “Leg Hitch” scene.
10. Vampire Weekend “Jonathon Low”- Fans of Vampire Weekend will not be disappointed with the band’s contribution to this Soundtrack. They stay very true to their original sound but with softer lyrics. It has an upbeat feel with a Rock/Opera meets Italian “Night out on the town”.
11. Unkle “With You in My Head (featuring The Black Angels)” – Not a huge fan of this song. It reminds us of a 60’s Hawaii- 5-0 song with a slight Radiohead undertone.
12. Eastern Conference Champions ” A Million Miles an Hour” – Very reminiscent of Stone Temple Pilots. It’s catchy but only for transitional purposes somewhere in this movie. Again, not a huge favorite.
13. Band of Horses ” Life on Earth”- Overall it was a great song. Not a lot a lyrics, more of an instrumental sort of song. Nevertheless, we would have liked to have seen it more upbeat towards the end. Possible scene: When Jacob breaks all the bones in his body or just a Jacob song in general.
14. Cee Lo Green “What Part of Forever” – We love this song just as much as Florence + The Machine. It was refreshing to hear this song after a few low key SLOW songs. It’s a uniquely catchy and addictive song that fans will really appreciate and rock out to. It wins our award for “Most Surprising Song on the Soundtrack”.
15. Howard Shore “Jacob’s Theme”- This song’s basis is quite sad and heartbreaking, which could easily go along with Jacob’s feelings at seeing Edward and Bella together, etc. However, the song doesn’t stick out like Alexandre Desplat’s “The Meadow” from the ‘New Moon’ Soundtrack.
Overall it was a pretty good soundtrack, with some key artists and their respective songs that will make it memorable in most ways. However, it could have used more songs that sticks to the theme of “action-packed, mysterious and keeping the fans on their toes” that is ‘Eclipse’. We give it a solid B+ as an overall grading.
Make sure to leave your reviews of the ‘Eclipse’ Soundtrack HERE when it finally releases on June 8th!
- Lauren and Heidi from Twilight Facebook
Make your own Harry Potter wand!
Make your own Harry Potter wand!
I just found this very cool site that gives instructions on how to make your own wand out of a sheet of paper, a glue gun and some paint!
These could pass as film props. Check out the amazing quality!
I just found this very cool site that gives instructions on how to make your own wand out of a sheet of paper, a glue gun and some paint!
These could pass as film props. Check out the amazing quality!
Harry Potter Hermione Granger's Magic Wand
This Harry Potter Hermione's wand is an authentic recreation of the young wizard's wand featured in the movie Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. It comes complete with a Hard Cover Gift magical wand box. Measures 14 inches in length, this Harry Potter Hermione Granger's Wand also lights up at the tip to give it a real wand looks and feel. This replica is made of resin. Item also includes 4 extra batteries for the light.Though this wand is fun to hold, please note that this item is a collectible, not a toy.
Dumbledore's Magic Wand
This replica of Dumbledore's wand is an authentic recreation of the old wizard's wand featured in the Harry Potter movies. It comes complete with a Hard Cover Gift Magic wand box. Made of resin, the wand is 14 inches long. This Harry Potter Dumbledore's Wand also lights up at the tip to give it a real wand looks and feel. This replica is made of resin. Item also includes 4 extra batteries for the light.
Please note: while this wand is fun to hold, it's a true collectible and not a toy. It may break if treated roughly.
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Harry Potter Theme Park Opening Spring 2010
Triwizard Tournament Dragon Challenges, Flight of the Hippogriff, Olivander’s Wand Shoppe, Quidditch gear and butterbeer from Hogsmead village – that and more will be new at Universal Studios Orlando adventure park opening in the spring of 2010. The Florida theme park will present The Wizarding World of Harry Potter as part of it’s Island of Adventure property and visitors will be allowed to tour Hogwarts, have fun on different roller coaster rides and purchase Harry Potter themed items based on author JK Rowling’s imaginative tale.
The estimated cost? $265 million dollars. Hogwarts Castle and Hogsmead Village will be recreated for fans and there will three rides central to the park. One ride is still super secret – “a high-tech experience inside the castle called Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey that involves the likenesses of the heroes from the films.”
In between filming the final two installments of the Harry Potter movies, Tom Felton has peeked at the upcoming park. The Draco Malfoy actor told the NY Times how he felt about the future home of Hogwarts:
“We always say on set, ‘If this place was real, it would be absolutely fantastic,’ ” he said in a telephone interview. “To actually walk into this world and be able to touch it and taste it and smell it — well, it’s just going to be fantastic.”
Now fans worldwide will be able to interact with the beloved characters, long after the films have come and gone in theaters.
Harry Potter Theme Park Opening Soon
Interactive shopping is a major component, said Paul Daurio, show producer for the destination. For instance, the Ollivanders wand shop will replicate Ms. Rowling’s storyline: the wand chooses the wizard instead of the other way around. Other stores will offer unique Potter merchandise that is unavailable elsewhere, like extendable ears.
The castle itself will be about 150-feet tall but will appear to tower some 600 feet in the air because of architectural and filmmaking tricks, Mr. Daurio said. Overall, the park will resemble Hogsmeade, Ms. Rowling’s all-wizard village.
Wizarding World is already receiving rave reviews from at least one contingent: the actors from the films. Tom Felton, who plays Harry’s towheaded nemesis Draco Malfoy, has visited the property twice, once when construction was just getting started and again in recent days.
“We always say on set, ‘If this place was real, it would be absolutely fantastic,’ ” he said in a telephone interview. “To actually walk into this world and be able to touch it and taste it and smell it — well, it’s just going to be fantastic.”
cited from :
Kamis, 03 Juni 2010
Spoiler-free review of Harry Potter theme park
Inside the Magic has posted a spoiler-free review of the Wizarding World theme park!
Upon finally sitting down in one of Forbidden Journey’s unique ride vehicles (which I won’t discuss specifically here – spoiler-free!), I was feeling anxious, excited, and, for lack of a better word, giddy. I had managed to avoid reading any specific details about the ride online as to not spoil it for myself, though I had a pretty good assumption of what I would be seeing simply due to the fact that it’s a ride based on the Harry Potter series.
As to the contents of the ride, in this spoiler-free review all I will include is that if you’ve seen the movies or read the books and ever imagined what a Harry Potter theme park ride would be like, you’ve likely dreamed up many of the scenes present in Forbidden Journey. But that’s not to say there aren’t plenty of surprises.
Upon finally sitting down in one of Forbidden Journey’s unique ride vehicles (which I won’t discuss specifically here – spoiler-free!), I was feeling anxious, excited, and, for lack of a better word, giddy. I had managed to avoid reading any specific details about the ride online as to not spoil it for myself, though I had a pretty good assumption of what I would be seeing simply due to the fact that it’s a ride based on the Harry Potter series.
As to the contents of the ride, in this spoiler-free review all I will include is that if you’ve seen the movies or read the books and ever imagined what a Harry Potter theme park ride would be like, you’ve likely dreamed up many of the scenes present in Forbidden Journey. But that’s not to say there aren’t plenty of surprises.
Daniel Radcliffe attending National Movie Awards
‘Harry Potter’ stars Daniel Radcliffe and Emma Watson will make an appearance at the National Movie Awards t, wrapping early on shooting for the final instalment of the movie franchise to get there.
Daniel Radcliffe and Emma Watson will come straight from shooting the final scenes of ‘Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows’ to attend the National Movie Awards tonight (26.05.10).
The British stars have recently been filming for the last movie in the magical franchise at King’s Cross Station, London, and will rush from the set to join celebrities including Tom Cruise and Gwyneth Paltrow on the red carpet for the event.
Russell Brand will open proceedings at this year’s awards, with a link recorded from Los Angeles.
A world exclusive clip of upcoming movie ‘Toy Story 3D’ will also be shown live.
This year’s National Movie Awards – which take place at London’s Royal Festival Hall - will be presented by Northern Irish actor James Nesbitt, and feature a performance from British music stars Ironik and Chipmunk.
James recently confessed he was excited about hosting the live show.
He said: “The National Movie Awards has quickly become a highlight of the awards calendar, but what marks it out - and makes the evening so special - is that the awards are chosen by the British public. "We are a nation of movie lovers and there is an extra thrill on the night knowing that millions of filmgoers have chosen the winners."
Daniel Radcliffe and Emma Watson will come straight from shooting the final scenes of ‘Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows’ to attend the National Movie Awards tonight (26.05.10).
The British stars have recently been filming for the last movie in the magical franchise at King’s Cross Station, London, and will rush from the set to join celebrities including Tom Cruise and Gwyneth Paltrow on the red carpet for the event.
Russell Brand will open proceedings at this year’s awards, with a link recorded from Los Angeles.
A world exclusive clip of upcoming movie ‘Toy Story 3D’ will also be shown live.
This year’s National Movie Awards – which take place at London’s Royal Festival Hall - will be presented by Northern Irish actor James Nesbitt, and feature a performance from British music stars Ironik and Chipmunk.
James recently confessed he was excited about hosting the live show.
He said: “The National Movie Awards has quickly become a highlight of the awards calendar, but what marks it out - and makes the evening so special - is that the awards are chosen by the British public. "We are a nation of movie lovers and there is an extra thrill on the night knowing that millions of filmgoers have chosen the winners."
Robert Pattinson: How to creep out of the vampire skin
Twilight star and the global heart throb Robert Pattinson is going through sleepless nights these days quite reminiscent of his vampire character who, too, is a non-sleeper. Even though, Robert is one of the most in-demand actors with zillions of screaming gals chasing him along with millions of blood hound cameras, Robert fears that he has peaked too early in his illustrious career.
Barely in his 25th year, Kristen Stewart’s supposed boyfriend has risen to the Everest of fame & fortune reaping rich harvest on the mega frenzy over his vampire character Edward Cullen. But, he realizes that he can’t survive the rest of his life on Twilight fame and is itching to creep out of the blood-lipped, cold-eyed vampire’s skin.
He is petrified of the consequences in case he is unable to brush off the vampire tag. “Robert is frightened to death that for the rest of his career he will be known as Edward Cullen,” a source from showbiz spy reports.
“No matter what other roles he plays he will never be able to shake of Edward’s fangs and it terrifies him.”
This is precisely why Robert has been marvelling at the career graph of Daniel Radcliffe who has gone to the length of baring it all on a live stage to shed his wizardry image. Rob has also spoken of his envy for Dan’s works and is desirous of finding a foot in the Broadway. May be, a no-clothes-full-monty display a la Daniel Radcliffe will give him the much-needed contentment. But then, who will look after the drooling gals………..?
Barely in his 25th year, Kristen Stewart’s supposed boyfriend has risen to the Everest of fame & fortune reaping rich harvest on the mega frenzy over his vampire character Edward Cullen. But, he realizes that he can’t survive the rest of his life on Twilight fame and is itching to creep out of the blood-lipped, cold-eyed vampire’s skin.
He is petrified of the consequences in case he is unable to brush off the vampire tag. “Robert is frightened to death that for the rest of his career he will be known as Edward Cullen,” a source from showbiz spy reports.
“No matter what other roles he plays he will never be able to shake of Edward’s fangs and it terrifies him.”
This is precisely why Robert has been marvelling at the career graph of Daniel Radcliffe who has gone to the length of baring it all on a live stage to shed his wizardry image. Rob has also spoken of his envy for Dan’s works and is desirous of finding a foot in the Broadway. May be, a no-clothes-full-monty display a la Daniel Radcliffe will give him the much-needed contentment. But then, who will look after the drooling gals………..?
Robert Pattinson, Daniel Radcliffe: The magic failed to win over the vampire
Robert Pattinson, Daniel Radcliffe: The magic failed to win over the vampire
With age Harry Potter seems to be losing his magic over the dapper vampire Edward Cullen. We are not really talking about the movie world here but of a more practical and mundane world of our day to day life.
There could be serious arguments in regards to the popularity of both the Harry Potter and Twilight franchises’ but its better if we admit that both will have their own dedicated followers all over the world. Still one has to admit that Twilight has indeed gobbled up portions of Potter monopoly.
It was proven more so at The 3rd National Movie Awards on 26th May, Wednesday at the Royal Festival hall in London. Presenter James Nesbitt conducted the whole ceremony which strives to honor the best contributions in the world of cinema.
With age Harry Potter seems to be losing his magic over the dapper vampire Edward Cullen. We are not really talking about the movie world here but of a more practical and mundane world of our day to day life.
There could be serious arguments in regards to the popularity of both the Harry Potter and Twilight franchises’ but its better if we admit that both will have their own dedicated followers all over the world. Still one has to admit that Twilight has indeed gobbled up portions of Potter monopoly.
It was proven more so at The 3rd National Movie Awards on 26th May, Wednesday at the Royal Festival hall in London. Presenter James Nesbitt conducted the whole ceremony which strives to honor the best contributions in the world of cinema.
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